ʻO ke kila a me ka hao he mau metala kaulana, akā hoʻohana pinepine ʻia lākou i nā ʻano like ʻole.ʻO ke kumu nui e hoʻokaʻawale ai i kekahi mai kekahi, ʻo ia ka nui o ke kalapona i loko o kēlā me kēia, a i ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, pehea ka nui o ke silika.ʻOiai e like paha kēia me kahi ʻokoʻa maʻalahi, loaʻa nā hopena nui no nā waiwai a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao a me ke kila.
ʻO ka hao: nā pono a me nā hoʻohana
E like me ke kila, ʻo ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia he mea hao.Eia nō naʻe, no ka manaʻo ʻia he hao hao, pono e loaʻa i ka metala he 2-4% carbon content a me 1-3% silicon content ma ke kaupaona.Hāʻawi kēia kemika i ka hao hao me kekahi mau waiwai pono:
Hiki ke puunaue hou ia ka hao i ka hao hina, hao keokeo, hao ductile, a me ka hao malleable.Ke nānā aku nei kēlā me kēia ʻano i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i kekahi mau waiwai no kahi noi kikoʻī, e like me ka ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka hao keʻokeʻo.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao hao he ākea ākea, akā eia kekahi mau noi kaulana:
ʻO nā pā palai hao a me nā mea kuke ʻē aʻe
ʻO nā poloka ʻenekini kaʻa, nā diski brake, a me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe he nui
ʻO nā puka pā hale, nā kia kukui hoʻonani, nā mea kapuahi, a me nā lako ʻē aʻe
ʻO nā ʻūpā, nā mea hoʻopili, a me nā uhi manhole i ka wai a me nā noi wai
ʻO nā kaulahao, nā kaʻa, nā kumu, nā loulou, a me nā mea hao hou aku: Nā pono a me nā hoʻohana
Ke kila: Nā pono a me nā hoʻohana
E like me ka hao hoʻolei, ʻo nā kila he mau mea hao me kekahi mau ʻano ʻokoʻa.Loaʻa i nā kila a pau kekahi mau kalapona a hiki i ka palena o 2% ma ke kaumaha a hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ke kila kalapona a i ʻole ke kila kila.
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale hou ʻia lākou i nā kila haʻahaʻa, nā kila kila, nā kila mea hana, nā kila microalloyed, a me nā mea hou aku.ʻOiai hiki iā lākou ke hāʻawi i nā pōmaikaʻi hou aʻe, e like me ka ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion mai nā kila kila, e kālele ana kēia ʻatikala i nā mea hao hao e like me nā mea i wehewehe ʻia e ASTM A148.
No ka mea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kila kila ma mua o ka hao, ʻo kāna mau mea maikaʻi nui ma mua o ka hao:
Ka ikaika tensile - Ma muli o ka mea i hoʻohana ʻia, hiki i ke kila hoʻolei ke ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ikaika tensile ma mua o ka hao.
Toughness/Ductility - Ma lalo o ke koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, hiki i ke kila ke hoʻololi (no ka manawa a mau loa paha) me ka haki ʻole.ʻOiai ʻo ia ke ʻano o ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻoʻoleʻa i kekahi mau noi, e hōʻemi ana ia i ka hiki ke hāhā a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana.
Weldability - Ma muli o ka alloy i hoʻohana ʻia, hāʻawi ke kila i ka weldability maikaʻi, akā paʻakikī ka hao i ka weld me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana.
ʻOiai ʻo ka forging, rolling, a me ka hoʻolei ʻana he mea hiki no nā huahana kila, ʻo kekahi mau noi nui i kālele ʻia i ke kila kila:
ʻO nā huila kaʻa kaʻa, nā papa, a me nā kākoʻo
ʻO nā mīkini mining, nā lako hana, a me nā kaʻa kaumaha
ʻO nā ʻumeke koʻikoʻi, nā kiwi a me nā mea pono
ʻO nā Turbocharger, nā poloka ʻenekini, a me nā ʻāpana kaʻa ʻē aʻe
Turbines a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko o nā hui hoʻonohonoho mana
ʻO nā huahana hao a me nā mea kila:
ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hao hao i ka mīkini ma mua o ke kila kila, akā ʻokoʻa ka machinability ma waena o nā ala.No laila, inā ʻoe e hoʻolālā ana i kahi huahana e koi ana i nā hana machining lōʻihi, pono paha ke nānā ʻana i nā alloys i loaʻa e ʻike i kahi me ka machinability ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Akā inā i kaupalena ʻia ʻoe i nā mea paʻakikī, hiki i kahi hale kūʻai mīkini ʻike honua ke hoʻemi i ka manawa mīkini e mālama ai i nā kumukūʻai mīkini.E hāʻawi mākou i nā lawelawe mīkini wikiwiki a hilinaʻi no nā mea like ʻole a me nā ʻano huahana o kāu hui.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Feb-06-2023